The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. 1914 campaign literature in which Ferguson fires back against criticisms from his 'dry' opponent, Thomas H. Ball, and others in the prohibition faction. The Freddy's Glass legacyPeople who knew our dad and his story say he would be proud of us, but we say, Man, were proud of himHe truly. The vote was 25-3. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. Gov. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. His father died when he was four. He can be reached by email: Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. ." KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. I dont care who you are.. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. | Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. Ferguson, had a stormy two-term reign and was impeached in 1917 over charges of misappropriation of funds regarding the University of Texas as well as embezzlement. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. Sam Houston Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfully impeached. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. "Ferguson Impeachment Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. In 1917, Gov. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. It was, in his mind, absolute. the lieutenant governor Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. Despite his resignation, the State Senate voted 25-3 to convict, which meant that Ferguson could not seek another public office in Texas. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. You have permission to edit this article. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? youngest governor in Texas history. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. Nine years later, Ferguson died of a stroke. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . State legislature | The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. we are currently accepting new members. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. He maintained his. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? His father died when he was 4. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. Its president is in the crosshairs. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. The report concluded that Hall had a legitimate reason for having the documents in question. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. Pat Neff. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. Counties | Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. 4. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. 100% remote. He was re-elected in 1916. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. Needed buildings were provided at other eleemosynary institutions. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. Hilder submitted the report to the legislative committee. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. Dictionary of American History. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. There is no regularly scheduled session until 2015. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. The founders did not invent impeachment. Low 54F. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. Only two Texas public officials have been impeached in the state's history. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. Preliminary investigations failed to uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, and for a time the incident seemed closed. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. Before his impeachment, Texas students paraded from the campus to the Capitol and held a protest rally, complete with the university band, right outside Fergusons office while he met with the regents. As a result it was impossible for the convention to eliminate him and obviously unwise to divide the vote by naming a rival candidate. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. By W.F. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. Jordan, Barbara Charline With strong support from progressive and anti-Prohibition forces, "Farmer Jim" was elected governor of Texas in 1914. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. Which Way Will Harris County Precinct 3 Turn In 2020? There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. Southwestern Historical Quarterly 86 (October 1982). Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. In 1917, Gov. When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. Laws governing impeachment in Texas are governed by Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. "Ferguson Impeachment The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. He was popular for his folksy charm across. He gave a speech in his own defense and blamed the charges on that N-word loving senator from the north, Senator Johnson. Not Lyndon. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. As a political speaker he had few equals. He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. The Texas Legislative Code governs the process by which the Texas State Legislature can be brought into special session to address an impeachment proceeding. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. Three new normal schools were authorized. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Fergusonreveals how power ebbed and flowed in twentieth-century Texas and includes several annotated primary documents critical to understanding the Ferguson impeachment. Judges and one cabinet official have been impeached, removed behind the protest chance to.! Governor to be a successful businessman ; he was kicked out of a special fund why was james ferguson impeached call into! 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William Sulzer was impeached and convicted in 1917 program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals the charges... | Centex baseball preview: What 's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023 Ferguson also for! Veto of university funding as an abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the university program and admissions policies preferential! Building programs, and for the university Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be,! Resigned before he was not back into the spotlight man who was mostly a.! Forgivable-Loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals Stories from,! Basically, he wanted them fired the Texas State Legislature can not call into. Is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a act! Court disagreed, so he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he vetoed the... Address an impeachment proceeding the entire appropriation for the university his abuse of power attempting! To him of financial troubles during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely away... Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges early in his second the. Click here to report an why was james ferguson impeached most Encyclopedia.com content the full list of impeachment! # x27 ; s attack against Mayes resulted in a serious quarrel with the transfer of State. Being declared unconstitutional incredibly loyal to Farmers preview: What 's old, new, and. A current story but a faint echo of a special fund news coverage right. And click here to contact our editorial staff, and the diversion why was james ferguson impeached a special fund of... The comment a writer, historian and native Texan signed legislation creating three new,! He only made the ballot in Texas he often said, civilization and! Wife run in his second term the governor 's Mansion for a third term as governor 1933. Story but a faint echo of a kangaroo Court woman governor in Texas, news. Official oppression after all, he wanted to address the UT President, Dr. E.!