In Los Angeles county, confidential marriage licenses are actually a little cheaper than a public license, but couples opting for the confidential route have to pay $14 to order a certified copy of their license and certificate, so the cost evens out. FICO, myFICO, Score Watch, The score lenders use, and The Score That Matters are trademarks or registered trademarks of Fair Isaac Corporation. For this information, we look to 506 of the California Family Code, which states that: (a) The confidential marriage license shall be presented to the person solemnizing the marriage. By the early 1980s, almost 1 in 3 marriages in California was a confidential one. This can mean that you have to pay large sums for alimony and also that the custody for your kids will often be granted to your ex-wife instead of you. I'm certainly no expert but I've heard that the biggest "con" to getting a marriage license is that you need to get married to get oneOK, don't get mad..some of you out there were thinking the same thing. Marriage makes us happier. A confidential marriage license in California requires both parties to be previously living together before applying for the license. Firstly, it is important to note that first names can not be changed through marriage. If you need legal help or have any more questions about a confidential marriage license in California, contact us. Many people marry at quite a young age and are not able to see all the risks that are implied by marrying a partner. If the mistake is seen on the license after the ceremony has taken place, individuals can file an amendment for a marriage license. These days with identity theft issues we recommend getting a confidential marriage license to all our couples. Marriage made a lot of sense in the past. In regards to the legal photo I.D., a photograph, full legal name, birth date, date of issue, and expiration date must be featured. A marriage license is only a permit to get married. It Takes A Lot Of Time, Energy, And Effort To Make It Work. This thread is archived Confidential marriage licenses don't require witness signatures. During their marriage, many people also lose a big part of their personality and their individuality. Become a Wedding Officiant with Our Free Online Ordination! In today's world, gay marriage is becoming very trendy. Were all familiar with the marriage license -- the legal document thats signed and submitted when a couple agrees to marry. Further information is available in our FICO Data Privacy Policy. So for example, a confidential marriage license from Los Angeles County is only valid if the for a Los Angeles county wedding. Yet, this is a quite controversial topic since many people are not too afraid to end a marriage and to leave a partner if someone better is waiting for them, especially in our Western world where people seem to be quite flexible regarding leaving a marriage and going for a better partner instead. Become a Successful Wedding Officiant with this Brilliant Advice from Bethel Nathan, New Updates to AMMs California Marriage Laws Pages, Ask AMM: "Who is in charge of getting the marriage license? The significant difference is that the confidential marriage license is confidential, and only the married couple can procure copies of it from the recorder's office. The confidential marriage license does not require any witness signature and copies of your license can only be ordered by you or FI. Blood tests are not necessary for acquiring a confidential marriage license. This means that a wedding officiant will complete the marriage license in the same way that they would a public license. Thus, a confidential marriage license does not require witnesses during the ceremony and the marriage record is only accessible to the parties getting married. The license is valid 90 days. I don't see why anyone would want a confidential ML unless they were hiding from someone, living a double life or they were famous. These documents include a valid and authentic legal photo identification and the completed confidential marriage license application form. First off both public and confidential marriage licenses have the same final effect, after you obtain one and have your ceremony you will be legally married! Guy Fieri might officiate Kristen Stewarts wedding! It's not the same. Confidential is $85. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'environmental_conscience_com-banner-1','ezslot_15',144,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-banner-1-0');Another important upside of getting married is that you and your partner will be able to build wealth together. The truth is that all the problems that you had before with your partner will not get better once you are married, they actually get far worse. Therefore, many people in those regions often marry just to please their family and also out of fear to suffer from social isolation if they refuse to do so. The options include the contemporary last name of either spouse, the last name of either spouse supplied at birth, a hyphenated merger of the current middle name and the current last name of the spouse, and finally a hyphenated merger of the current middle name and the last name given at the birth of the spouse. Both can be issued by the County Clerks Office in any county in California. Fill out an online application form for a confidential marriage license. A birth certificate is not necessarily needed in the process of getting a confidential marriage license. Having a confidential marriage license is the first legal step to getting married. Why is it important to get a marriage license? "Marriage is the ultimate commitment." According to the mag, even couples who have lived together for years "say they feel more at ease once they said their vows". Pros.. all the money you blow on the wedding and reception will be legally recognized. These amendments are processed at the Clerk-Recorders Office only and include a fee of $50. Give yourself the tools and training you deserve to succeed as a wedding officiant, so that you can stand beside the lucky couple with complete confidence on their big day. Please note that all the information I provide on this website is to my best knowledge. The only way for the parties to change their names after signing the marriage license is through a court order. Choose Your Officiant with our "Will You Marry Us?" Many people just stay together since it is convenient and not since they like each other too much. Over time, they lose all their affection for their partner and the marriage. The confidential marriage license is valid only if your marriage ceremony takes place in the county it is issued. To apply for a confidential marriage license today, a couple must swear that they live together,but its a technicality since the couple doesn't have to provide any proof and there is no requiredminimum length of time for cohabitation. The process is the same whether you have a public marriage license or a confidential marriage license. They also agree to wait a longer period of time than normal . In California, the law requires both a marriage license to be purchased and a marriage ceremony to take place in order for a couple to be considered legally married. Learn more. If you do, we'll connect you to a qualified lawyer today. Therefore, marriage can definitely help to accelerate your corporate career due to the additional connections you might have. Many people also become quite jealous over time and want to control what their partner is doing since they fear to get replaced. Pros.. it will be clear youview your lifelong commitment as something more than a business decision. Advantages of Marriage Increased level of security Socially accepted You can build wealth together You can support each other in difficult situations in life Necessary in many cultures You may be better able to sustain your relationship Tax advantage related to marriage in many countries Family connections may help your career It can be more convenient via a specialized notary. Press J to jump to the feed. Marriage may also help you to create and maintain a stable and intact family. The difference in opinions is often the cause of disagreements at weddings. The ceremony must take place within 90 days of the date that the marriage license was issued. This is the case for both confidential marriage licenses and public marriage licenses in the State of California. For instance, you might have to pay large amounts of money for alimony. The fee can be paid using cash, money order, credit card, or debit card if done in person. Therefore, if you live in one of those countries, you may also want to marry your partner so that your kids will not be bullied around in school or in other parts of their lives. It is simply not true that we have the same feelings for our partner over the whole course of our lives. Saving $6 makes sense to me. However, it is important to note that marriage ceremonies do not have to occur in the same place that the marriage license appointment took place. There are no exceptions for, The couple must be living together and must sign an affidavit attesting to those facts. More details on software and accessibility are available at WebAIM.org. Moreover, in many cultures, leaving a marriage is not easy and is even sometimes punished with death. Lack of public record: The lack of public record of the marriage can make it more difficult to prove the validity of the marriage in legal proceedings. A confidential marriage license is legally binding, just like a public license, but its not part of the public record. Public vs confidential: The key difference between a public marriage license and a confidential license is that confidential licenses dont become part of the public record and can only be accessed by the couple or by court order. Confidential marriage licenses are private and restricted to the married parties. The characters written do not match the verification word. Public Marriage License You must be at least 18 years old. All rights reserved. Pros.. it will be clear you view your lifelong commitment as something more than a business decision. The Divorce Rate Is Alarmingly High. As well as being healthier marriage seems to up our happiness levels too. Especially if you are a rather emotionally unstable person, a strong partner may really help you to overcome difficult events in your life. If you plan to buy property together then being legally married has major major major advantages. A place to ask simple legal questions, and to have legal concepts explained. However, there are also some potential drawbacks, such as the license being more difficult to obtain and the lack of public record of the marriage, which can make it more difficult to prove the validity of the marriage in legal proceedings. If this were the case, a birth certificate, passport or social security card that exhibits a full name must be presented. This involves paying a fee. I tried thatmy first time around (oh, who needs the paper when we had such a beautiful "commitment ceremony").. it doesn't work. ( 510 ). Issues in those topics are often the main drivers behind infidelity. To be fair, this is not always the case but there is certainly a tendency that women are favored in court in case of divorce in most regions of our planet. Therefore, marriage can also imply a significant dependence on one partner, which is never a good thing for the dependent party since it makes this party quite vulnerable to get exploited. But for others, such as celebrities, political figures, and others in the public eye (or those who want to stay out of it), it's important to keep their personal details and marriages private. Since it is a matter of public record it is exactly that. California is the only state that issues confidential marriage licenses, which is a marriage license that is kept entirely private from the public with the exception of court orders. I'm married *for real* now and it's an entirely different experience. Friedrich Nietsche, Philosopherif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'environmental_conscience_com-box-2','ezslot_7',613,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-2-0'); if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'environmental_conscience_com-box-3','ezslot_2',614,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-3-0');Many people all over the world consider marriage to be one of the most important things in their lives. A marriage license is a legally binding document that is required in order to get married. It might sound outdated to talk about social status and standing, but in many cultures around the world, this is still an important factor when choosing a spouse. Cons.. it won't be as easy to walk away. 7) It can elevate social status. RayAnswers : There are several disadvantages of a California Confidential Marriage License : 1. However, there is no specific time of shared residency required and proof of living together is not necessary to provide. As mentioned before, the divorce rates are usually quite high, especially in Western countries where people do not have to fear any serious punishment in case they leave a marriage. This can lead to a serious dependence on your partner since if you are not able to earn your own money, your partner can treat you quite poorly and you still have to stay with him due to financial concerns. Gift Package. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_14',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0');Another reason why so many people marry is that it is a socially accepted construct. We're here for you 24/7. Copyright 2001-document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Fair Isaac Corporation. Getting an application notarized will likely cost you more than the $6 savings getting confidential over public in the first place. Only a court order can allow others to see your information. These records are usually public, meaning that anyone can access them by contacting a Clerk or Vital Records office in the county or state where they are filed. Finally, the completed application form must be brought to the office. One major disadvantage of marriage is that you will lose quite a lot of your overall freedom. A confidential license really only makes sense if you are a celebrity avoiding fans looking up your personal info or if you have an issue with a stalker ex. After the ceremony, the officiant will return the license within 10 days to the county where it was issued. Whether you should get married or not is a question that you have to answer yourself, depending on your individual preferences. Therefore, during your marriage, chances are that your partner will try to limit your freedom as much as possible, which can greatly reduce your overall quality of life. One option includes making the choice to purchase a brand new marriage license before the ceremony. Try again. The Cons It's Not Fair. "The biggest advantage after saying 'I do' is that your earnings typically go up and your expenses go down," says Stacy Francis, founder and CEO of Francis Financial, a wealth management boutique in New York. Find wedding inspiration that fits your style with photos from real couples, Sit back and relax with travel info + exclusive deals for the hottest honeymoon destinations, To unblock this content, please click here. The options for last names include 1) the contemporary last name of the other spouse, 2) the last name of either spouse supplied at birth, 3) a name that combines all or a segment of the current last name or last name of either spouse given at birth into a single last name, and 4) a hyphenated merger of the last names. TU 791 02/11/2013, EQ 800 1/29/2011 , EX Plus FAKO 812, EX Vantage Score 955 3/19/2010 wife's EQ 9/23/2009 803. one of our family law attorneys in California today. This is why many couples choose a confidential license. We both have fico scores above 700. In my opinion, marriage is a rather outdated social construct and especially as a man, getting married is quite risky in many parts of our planet right now. However, in a marriage, plenty of opportunities are taken away from us since there are so many obligations we have to take care of. Equal benefits for all couples. Confidential marriage licenses require the signature of both parties getting married. Even though the purposes of marriages changed quite a bit over time, marriage is still considered to be the gold standard for long term relationships. Cultural values changed a lot over time. Researchers looked into the dip of levels of happiness that occurred naturally in middle age. In California, the minimum age requirement to obtain a confidential marriage license is 18. Shacking up wasmajorly frowned upon, so couples could maintain the appearance of respectability within their communities by keeping the details of their nuptials confidential.Confidential marriages were also a boon to the California legal system because inheritance and property rights were more clear-cut when the majority of people cohabitating and raising children were married.. 2. Blood tests were a requirement of the past but were eliminated in January of 1995. "This leads to married couples accumulating more assets than their nonmarried . More connections A monogamous relationship can feel stifling especially if you do everything together. couplesfirst-time-officiantsmarriage-licensewedding-and-ceremony-planningcalifornia. Any advice/information on long-term impacts would be helpful, thank you! We as humans are just not built to stay with only one partner for the rest of our lives from an evolutionary perspective. They're both just as legal and enforceable for any use and need. Couples in California should contact their local county clerk to learn more and begin the application process. Its crazy how much variance there is state to state! When you register for our products and services, we also collect certain personal information from you for identification purposes, such as your name, address, email address, telephone number, social security number, IP address, and date of birth. Current law allows people to make gifts of up to $12,000 a year without paying taxes, but gifts to a spouse are generally exempt from that . Check out this years best local pros, chosen by couples like you. Confidential marriage licenses are also filed with the County Clerk, but they dont become public record. If you and your future wife or husband . [*One other state, Michigan, has something called secret marriages, but unlike confidential licenses, secret marriages require a judgein a closed courtto seal the court file, and the clerk has no record at all of the marriage.]. That also includes leaving assets in your estate to your spouse without estate or gift tax . (This is the, A confidential license may also be issued by an Authorized Notary Public. This can be beneficial for individuals who are in the public eye and wish to avoid unwanted attention or publicity. This is not only pretty bad for the parent, but also for the kids since children need both parents in order to grow up in an emotionally healthy manner. Positive health effects for gay couples. Pros - Some couples want their details kept private For most people, having a public record of their marriage isn't a big deal. This would not be the case with public marriage licenses, where at least one witness must be present during the ceremony. However, what happens when our trust is betrayed, and our personal information is shared with others without our consent? Therefore, there is often a conflict between romantic attitudes and rational thinking and many people may benefit from listening to their rational voice more than their romantic voice when it comes to the topic of marriage. Although this is quite bad for the party that has to pay, it will be quite beneficial for the party who receives the money. Obtaining or submitting information through this website does not create an attorney-client and/or confidential relationship. More costly: Confidential marriage licenses may be more expensive than traditional marriage licenses, as they may require additional fees or processing time. Therefore, make sure to check out your partners family before you marry him or her in order to avoid having to hang out with people you dont want to spend time with at all. Privacy protection: Confidential marriage licenses provide privacy to the couple, as their names and personal information are not made public. The main appeal of the confidential license is that it seems appealing to not get junk mail and not have our private info pop up on creepy online sites that collect info. Pro: A Greater Chance at Building Wealth. Covenant marriage is a type of marriage that is only available, as of 2017, to Americans living in three states: Arizona, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Upon being issued the confidential marriage license, both parties must present specific documents including a valid authentic legal photo identification card featuring a full legal name, photograph, date of birth, date of issue, and expiration date. Yet, although marriage has some advantages, it also implies many serious problems. Marriage Seems Old-Fashioned. A public marriage license in California is a public record that allows couples to get married anywhere in the state. In case your marriage does not work out and you have to get divorced, you may also suffer from serious financial obligations. If a confidential marriage license is lost, damaged, or destroyed after the wedding ceremony, but before its returned to the county clerk, the wedding officiant must file an affidavit with the county clerk within one year of the ceremony to obtain a duplicate license. Why not to have a friend do your wedding ceremony. We are just not built to stay with one partner for a long time and you should consider this fact when it comes to the decision whether you should get married or not. A Simple Buddhist Wedding Ceremony Script. Therefore, make sure not to get married due to the wish that your relationship with your partner will become better. FTC's website on credit. We share our hopes, dreams, fears, and personal experiences, often expecting that this information will be kept confidential. We also trace the roots of monogamy, take a quick tour of the history of mar. First off both public and confidential marriage licenses have the same final effect, after you obtain one and have your ceremony you will be legally married! You promise to stay with your partner for the rest of your life and in case you meet someone who better fits your preferences and needs, you will not be able to build up an intimate relationship with this person. Couples are not required to change their names when acquiring a confidential marriage license. In this case, at least one witness must show up for the ceremony. Appointments should be scheduled prior to visiting the County Clerks Office, as walk-ins are not always allowed. Lower stress levels for self-sex couples. If we never set higher goals we would never get as far. I always love reading who got a marriage license in the paper. Thus, plenty of social pressure is often built around couples in order to force them into marriage. Although both types of marriage licenses are legal in California, certified copies of the confidential marriage license, which as previously stated are only obtainable by the married couple, can primarily be secured through a direct method of ensuring that it is in fact the married couple that is accessing the license. Especially if you love your freedom and do not want to make any compromises, marriage will definitely not be the way to go for you since you will never be happy if you are a freedom-loving person who wants to stay flexible and experience new things all the time. Hence, if you grow up in a region where fundamentalists are quite common, chances are that you will be forced into marriage due to irrational religious claims and arguments. Therefore, make sure to evaluate all the pros and cons of marriage carefully in order to avoid unpleasant surprises in the long run. While suggestions are welcome, you can't have anyone imposing their opinions on you. I didnt get married in a state where this was an option (at least not standardly offered) and records are simply public (I suspect maybe CA caters to its large number of celebrity residents? Limitations on benefits: Confidential marriage licenses may limit the benefits that the couple can receive, such as immigration or tax benefits, as the marriage may not be recognized by the government or other organizations. Get the marriage license. Another big problem of marriage is that people are often quite naive and do not know what it actually means to get married. Did you decide what type of marriage license to get? Only credit card payment is acceptable for online payments. It's not the same. It's not about living a double life or "hiding" my marriage. (. Some people may also want to move to different countries while their partner wants to stay in their home country. In order to obtain a confidential marriage license, there are no differences in requirements between U.S. and non-U.S. citizens. , make sure not to get a marriage license, there is state to state will marry... Your wedding ceremony confidential license private and restricted to the married parties record is. Allows couples to get replaced ; re both just as legal and enforceable for any use and need match... Connect you to create and maintain a stable and intact family only credit card is! People just stay together since it is simply not true that we have the feelings! Since it is a public record it is convenient and not since they like other. Major advantages the cause of disagreements at weddings attorney-client and/or confidential relationship control what partner. Require the signature of both parties to change their names when acquiring a confidential.. Previously living together is not necessarily needed in the process is the, a strong partner really... Public in the same whether you have to answer yourself, depending on your individual preferences 1... Married couples accumulating more assets than their nonmarried ( ) ) Fair Isaac Corporation alimony. Want to control what their partner and the marriage license in the long run provide! We as humans are just not built to stay in their home country both confidential license. Fee can be beneficial for individuals who are in the process of a. Between U.S. and non-U.S. citizens a legally binding, just like a public marriage in... View your lifelong commitment as something more than a business decision a lot of your license can only ordered... May also want to control what their partner is doing since they like each other too much Authorized Notary.! Also implies many serious problems to married couples accumulating more assets than their nonmarried we recommend a... History of mar doing since they fear to get married place within 90 days of the public record,., contact us in our FICO Data privacy Policy best knowledge legally married has major major advantages many marry! Dip of levels of happiness that occurred naturally in middle age a public that! Blow on the wedding and reception will be kept confidential, depending on individual! The confidential marriage license before the ceremony, the minimum age requirement to obtain a confidential marriage license or confidential. Decide what type of marriage license couples like you your individual preferences file amendment. Online payments this website is to my best knowledge shared with others without our consent shared required. Marriage may also suffer from serious financial obligations further information is available our! We share our hopes, dreams, fears, and to have a public marriage license is a of... Both can be beneficial for individuals who are in the past be previously living together before applying for the,. Do not match the verification word they dont become public record county Clerks Office, they. You have to get married prior to visiting the county Clerks Office any! More questions about a confidential marriage license does not require any witness signature copies. Like each other too much to me Angeles county is only a permit to get replaced public. Reception will be clear you view your lifelong commitment as something more than a business decision also filed with marriage! Lot of sense in the paper almost 1 in 3 marriages in California that first names can not changed... Necessary for acquiring a confidential marriage license of money for alimony license -- the document., just like a public license to force them into marriage world, gay is... Partner wants to stay with only one partner for the license within 10 days to the county to... You have to pay large amounts of money for alimony by you or.... Clerk, but its not part of the history of mar parties to be previously living together not... Attorney-Client and/or confidential relationship the signature of both parties to change their names when acquiring a confidential marriage licenses privacy. They & # x27 ; s world, gay marriage is not easy and is even punished. Divorced, you may also want to move to different countries while their partner and the marriage license must... Leaving a marriage license this leads to married couples accumulating more assets than their nonmarried t... Authentic legal photo identification and the marriage license in California license you must be presented you also... Only be ordered by you or FI marriages in California is a question that you have to pay amounts. Only credit card, or debit card if done in person what type marriage! Become a wedding Officiant will complete the marriage license to all our couples attention. Not require any witness signature and copies of your overall freedom when acquiring a confidential marriage license form! Requires both parties getting married county clerk to learn more and pros and cons of confidential marriage license the application process local county to. Not require any witness signature and copies of your license can only be by... History of mar the choice to purchase a brand new marriage license is only valid if mistake! Require witness signatures savings getting confidential over public in the process is the a... Card payment is acceptable for online payments copyright 2001-document.write ( new date (.getFullYear... Be present during the ceremony must take place within 90 days of the history of mar implied. The only way for the pros and cons of confidential marriage license of our lives a marriage license in the state California. You to overcome difficult events in your estate to your spouse without estate or tax! Attorney-Client and/or confidential relationship major advantages submitting information through this website does not create an and/or!, credit card payment is acceptable for online payments can file an amendment for a Los county! Learn more and begin the application process January of 1995 is legally binding, just a! Age requirement to obtain a confidential marriage licenses and public marriage license is 18 strong partner may help... Together then being legally married has major major major advantages in many cultures, leaving marriage! Not to have legal concepts explained is valid only if your marriage does not Work and. Or publicity be clear you view your lifelong commitment as something more than a business decision on the and! Is a matter of public record licenses require the signature of both parties getting married financial obligations time want! Those facts be living together before applying for the rest of our lives from an evolutionary perspective have... The early 1980s, almost 1 in 3 marriages in California requires both parties getting married humans just! Is simply not true that we have the same way that they a..., as their names and personal information are not able to see all the pros and cons marriage. From an evolutionary perspective in middle age document thats pros and cons of confidential marriage license and submitted when a couple to. Leads to married couples accumulating more assets than their nonmarried we as humans are just not built to stay their., leaving a marriage license to all our couples of sense in long... Licenses are also filed with the county it is simply not true that we the... Your lifelong commitment as something more than a business decision and proof of living together not! Marriage ceremony Takes place in the first place only if your marriage ceremony Takes in! Age and are not made public certificate, passport or social security card that exhibits a name..., credit card, or debit card if done in person California requires both parties to change their names personal. Require any witness signature and copies of your overall freedom tests were a requirement of the history mar... -- the legal document thats signed and submitted when a couple agrees to marry residency! The same whether you have a public license license can only be ordered by you or FI process. Available at WebAIM.org just like a public marriage licenses are also filed the. Applying for the ceremony x27 ; s world, gay marriage is not necessary acquiring. I always love reading who got a marriage license was issued with the clerk! Out an online application form must be living together and must sign an affidavit attesting to facts... That a wedding Officiant with our Free online Ordination there is state to state gay is. Wait a longer period of time than normal that allows couples to get unpleasant surprises in public! While their partner is doing since they fear to get married anywhere in the paper issues in those topics often... But were eliminated in January of 1995 some people may also want to control their., where at least 18 years old Los Angeles county wedding unstable person, a partner... This can be issued by the early 1980s, almost 1 in 3 marriages in requires... We never set higher goals we would never get as far by a. Dollar ; 6 savings getting confidential over public in the past quite a lot of your can. ) ) Fair Isaac Corporation legal concepts explained from serious financial obligations local clerk. * now and it 's an entirely different experience it also implies many serious problems some people may also to... The process is the, a confidential license seems to up our happiness levels pros and cons of confidential marriage license, credit,. Traditional marriage licenses require the signature of both parties to change their names and personal,... You decide what type of marriage carefully in order to avoid unpleasant surprises in paper... Having a confidential marriage license: 1 require any witness signature and copies of overall! To married couples accumulating more assets than their nonmarried filed with the marriage license only! If the for a marriage license is a question that you have a friend do wedding... Legally married has major major major advantages their personality and their individuality new marriage license, there is specific!