Sanz, Perdign, & Vsquez (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish adaptation of the BDI-II with 470 non-clinical adults. Screening, Identification, and Assessment, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment, National Veteran and Military Families Month, Sensitive to Theoretically Distinct Groups. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. No, Is the Subject Area "Dominican Republic" applicable to this article? It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. The BDI-II also has good convergent and discriminant validity. Parents of children with PTSD symptoms related to sexual abuse and traumatic bereavement show decreases in BDI symptoms after participating in treatment with their children (Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino & Steer, 2004; Cohen, Mannarino, & Knudsen, 2004). Beck Depression Inventory-II. The Beck Anxiety Inventory or (BAI), is a self-report test that contains 21 multiple-choice questions (Likert scale from 0 to 3 in terms of how severe you perceive the symptom) and it is used to measure anxiety symptoms (severity and level) that an . Since Mardias kurtosis multivariate coefficient was 338.70 thus indicating a significant deviation from multivariate normality according to benchmarks [47]the Asymptotic Distribution-Free method was used for model estimation. Published 2020 Apr 20. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0787-9. These two factors have been identified using the BDI-II with adult outpatients. Yes The total score (ranging . Sage Research Methods. Description. Byrne, Stewart, & Lee (2004) examined the psychometrics of the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory-II with a sample of Hong Kong community adolescents. Within the hospital sample, 76.5% came in for routine checkups, 15.3% sought help for cardiac and hypertension conditions and 8.2% went to the psychiatric service. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. While Dominicans native language is the same that the language BDI-II version used in this study (i.e., Spanish), there are linguistic characteristics that may vary substantially. This tool, the Beck Depression Inventory, is one of the top tools used to assess a person's mental health and determine whether they are experiencing depression. 2013;35(4):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-question self-report rating used to measure the symptoms of depression in an individual. If you are concerned about your level of depression, there are many resources available to help you. The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Results showed that a bifactor model with a general depression factor and three specific factors consisting of cognitive, affective, and somatic factors provided the best fit to data. 1203 Words; 5 Pages; Depression stands out not only for its high prevalence, but also due to the probability of associated relapse and recurrence. The BDI has also been used with individuals with vicarious traumatization with scores on a Secondary Trauma Scale related to higher levels of depression (Motta, Newman, Lombardo, & Silverman, 2004). (2004). Author: Aaron T. Beck. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition1 is a popular self-report measure of depression. In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. This research was supported by the National Fund for Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development (FONDOCYT) of the Dominican Republic, for this reason we thank you. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(10), 1225-1233. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. Results from hierarchical and bifactor BDI-II models supported both models. The BDI-II is designed to assess state-related depression and could be used as a quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions. 2000;57(3):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217, Wang FM, Davis MF, Briggs FB. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck, MD, and colleagues, is a 21-item multiple-choice self-report inventory that measures the severity of an anxiety in adults and adolescents. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. Additionally, the present study supported the validity of the affective factor as a separate dimension from cognitive and somatic domains. Dictionary . The BDI-II is user-friendly; it is easy to administer and score. The Beck Depression Inventory A study done by Boury et al. Learn More. Third, the BDI-II is a self-report measure and, as such, may suffer from social desirability bias. There are many resources available to help you. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(2), 94-99. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. 1. There is a short version of the BDI, the BDI-SF, which includes only the cognitive-affective subscale and has been recommended to assess depression in medical populations, with scores higher than 10 associated with moderate to severe depression. Clinica y Salud, 14(3), 249-280. To learn more about depression and how . 2016;28(11):1354-1367. doi:10.1037/pas0000275, Dere J, Watters CA, Yu SC, Bagby RM, Ryder AG, Harkness KL. Braz J Psychiatry. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(2), 67-74. The Beck Depression Inventory-IA was a revision of the first tool developed by Beck in the 1970s and protected in 1978. Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories in Caucasian Americans and Latinos. Studies of adolescent inpatients, generally aged 12-17, report good internal consistency, alpha>.90 for the total scale and >.80 for subscales (Krefetz, Steer, Gulab & Beck, 2002; Kumar et al., 2002; Osman et al., 2004), and validity. Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. More importantly, the detection and treatment of depression have become a matter of high priority in low and middle-income countries [43] such as Dominican Republic, despite psychometrically validated measures are currently lacking. We typically use the BDI-II. The revised BDI, known as the BDI-II, is the most widely used version of the questionnaire. 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. Grothe, K.B., Dutton, G.R., Jones, GN., Bodenlos, J., Ancona, M., & Brantley, P.J. Due to the face validity of the BDI-II, underreporting and overreporting may be likely. The first revision occurred in 1979, also popularized as BDI-I A, differs from the . As expected, t-test analysis revealed that BDI-II scores discriminated between individuals from hospital and general population. Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge (2004) studied the content validity of the BDI-II by having 10 experts rate the relevance and specificity of items for DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorders. (1998). Carmody, D.P. (2004). A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Several factor structure models, including one-factor, two-factor, three-factor and bifactor models were tested with the purport to determine the optimal factor structure. Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. You need to invest in your inventory. Analyses with adult inpatients have identified a single hierarchical depression factor (Cole, Grossman, Prillman, & Hunsaker, 2003). 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. Beck and colleagues developed the original scale in 1961 for use with adolescents and adults (Dozois, Dobson, & Anhberg, 1998). Yes Subica et al. (2004). One study involving a confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D and the original BDI, failed to validate a single-factor model (Skorikov & Vandervoort, 2003). It was also found that the therapy was more successful than drug therapy and had a lower relapse rate, supporting the proposition that depression has a cognitive basis. For example, to measure pessimism (item 2) the response options used range from I am not particularly discouraged about the future (score of 0) to the future is hopeless and things cannot improve (score of 3). Al-Musawi, N.M. (2001). Silver, S.M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). Individuals with chronic trauma since childhood sometimes respond by circling a zero because they do not feel worse than "usual.". Multimethod validation of the Beck Depression Inventory and Grossman Cole Depression Inventory with an inpatient sample. . The other pro is that it also consists of high content validity. Bifactor models, in contrast, allow to examine a non-hierarchical general factor independently of the specific factors and to simultaneously test the extent to which the common variance between items are explained by the orthogonal general factor and by the specific factors that are tested [32]. Transl Psychiatry. The following questionnaire links are for the private use of our lab only. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/es/, http://www.pearsonpsychcorp.es/archivos/13373230291.pdf. Individuals with low education and some Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format. Despite there is some evidence suggesting that such bias is negligible [36] future investigation addressing this issue is warranted. Its content validity is ensured because most of its items are equivalent to the DSM-IV criteria for depression. Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. Analyses of adolescents have identified different but related factor solutions (see below). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is widely used to screen for depression and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression. 0 I do not feel sad. Several versions of the BDI tool exist. One of the most popular measures used all around the world, is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013). 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. They also found high internal consistency (alpha=.90) and good validity, compared to a diagnosis of major depression as assessed by the PRIME-MD in a sample of low-income African-American outpatients. It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in . EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City. Among women who have experienced intimate partner violence, those with comorbid PTSD and Major Depression show higher levels of symptomatology on the BDI-II than those with PTSD alone and those with no PTSD or Major Depression (Nixon, Resick, Nishith, 2004). To the extent that depression symptoms and inner experience may differ across cultural backgrounds [42], findings cannot be generalized. The corrected item-total correlation was also calculated for the items of each factor. (2001). (2004). The Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most popular assessments of depression today. Screening for depression in patients with medical hospitalization. The authors report that the solution differed from that reported for adults in that the first factor contained both cognitive and affective symptoms. The Beck Depression Test is a type of psychological test which is used to measure the intensity of mental depression. The CDI was designed for children and young adults to respond easily to scales with three choices per item and items written at a low reading level (Bae, 2012). There are several other depression screens that are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use. Furlanetto, L.M., Mendlowicz, M.V., & Bueno, J.R. (2005). (2004). In effect, higher averages are observed in the general BDI-II score (average = 16.91; standard deviation = 11.62; t (881) = 7.49; p<0.01), and in the cognitive dimensions (average = 5.02; standard deviation = 4.31; t (881) = 6.33; p<0.01), somatic (average = 8.24; standard deviation = 5.35; t (881) = 5.87; p<0.01), and affective (average = 3.65; standard deviation = 3.15; t (881) = 8.17; p<0.01), with a greater effect size on the Cohen's d values (d general = .80; d cognitive = .64; d somatic = .71; d affective = .82). Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. It is currently known that more than 350 million people suffer from depression worldwide and that it significantly contributes to the global burden of disease [1]. Psychometric properties of the Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II in a medical sample. (2004). Tests or assessments may also be conducted in order to gain additional information about the patient's mental health. Although buying in bulk is great for saving you money, if you have only just set up your store then you may not have the money to buy stock until a customer makes an order. Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to measure severity of depression consistent with symptoms of depression as presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association 1994) in both adolescents aged 13 years and older and adults (Beck et al. Lindsay, William R.; Skene, Danielle D. 2007-01-01. Allen S. Scoring the Beck Depression Inventory. This is very helpful for the following reasons: The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. Byrne, B.M., Stewart, S.M., & Lee, P.W.H. For the BDI-II, a score of 10 to 18 indicates mild depression, and 30 or above indicates severe depression. The validity and reliability of the test were . There are multiple studies examining the reliability and validity of the BDI-II with other cultural groups). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Particularly, while Beck et al. Psychiatry Investig. Universidad Nacional d Crdoba, Crdoba, Argentina. for only $16.05 $11/page. This population consisted of 317 females and 183 males; 91% Caucasian, 4% African American, 4% Asian American, and 1% Latino. You will need to add up the score reported for each of the 21 questions ranging from zero to three. (n.d.). Consistent with previous research conducted by Beck, they identified 2 first-order factors (somatic and cognitive) and one second-order factor (depression). Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. Five screening items reduce the length and the intrusiveness of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal. Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S.L. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression.Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the . 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